Mating/Reproduction

• Breeding occurs in the northern U.S. and southern Canada.

• In the southwestern U.S. breeding begins as early as April, but eastern individuals will breed as late as June or July. The theory behind this is that they must wait until there is an abundance of seeds to support the young.

• Typical clutch size is approximately five with a range of two to seven eggs. Eggs are pale blue and unmarked.

• Nests are made of plant fibers with a soft and fuzzy interior lining. Young are incubated for 12-14 days and fledge after 11-17 days.

• Both parents tend to the young. Females, while incubating, will develop a bare patch on the belly for improved heat transfer. This is called a brood patch.